Stomach Flu: What’s Really Bugging You?

While it may not sound familiar, viral gastroenteritis is likely what’s behind that unpleasant time you spent with the stomach flu. And it’s not related to influenza (the respiratory virus known as the flu) in any way. “The main culprit in the U.S. is actually norovirus, which sets up shop in the stomach or intestines,” says Leah Arlequin, MD, with LVPG Family Medicine–Middle Smithfield. As a result, millions of people each year cope with a mix of these infamous symptoms:

• Abdominal pain and cramping
• Body aches and headache
• Diarrhea and vomiting
• Fever

These effects start suddenly and usually last less than a week. That being said, anyone who’s had it, or helped a loved one through it, doesn’t look forward to doing it again.

You may have noticed how easily these infections spread, often in colder months. And you likely know some of the ways to prevent them:

• Wash your hands often with soap and water.
• Use hand sanitizer with at least 60 percent alcohol in addition to washing your hands (but not as a substitute for hand washing).
• Disinfect high-touch surfaces at home, work and school.
• Use a tissue to cover your nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing. (Use an elbow in a pinch, not your hands.)
• Stay home and, if possible, don’t prepare food for others until symptoms are gone for two days.

Even the most valiant efforts don’t always keep germs away. These steps can help you ease symptoms and avoid complications, like dehydration:

• Drink ginger ale or other clear, fizzy beverages.
• Sip water or sports drinks with vitamins and other nutrients.
• Eat bland food.
• Get lots of rest.

“Adults can also take over-the-counter medicines like aspirin or ibuprofen, which help reduce pain and fever,” Dr. Arlequin says. “However, prescription antibiotics and other medicines can’t treat a virus.”

“A person who is dehydrated doesn’t have enough fluids and electrolytes for their body to function correctly,” Dr. Arlequin adds. “This can quickly become dangerous for infants, young children, older adults, and anyone with a weakened immune system.” People in these groups, as well as anyone who is pregnant, should contact their doctor or clinician at the start of their symptoms.